Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Nozzle shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Nozzle offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Nozzle at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Nozzle? Wrong! If the Nozzle is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Nozzle then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Nozzle? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Nozzle and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Nozzle wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Nozzle then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Nozzle site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Nozzle, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Nozzle, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
A
nozzle is a mechanical device designed to control the characteristics of a fluid flow as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe.
A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or
gas). Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them.
Purposes of nozzles
High velocity nozzles
Frequently the goal is to increase the
kinetic energy of the flowing medium at the expense of its pressure energy and/or internal energy.
Nozzles can be described as
convergent (narrowing down from a wide diameter to a smaller diameter in the direction of the flow) or
divergent (expanding from a smaller diameter to a larger one). A
de Laval nozzle has a convergent section followed by a divergent section and is often called a convergent-divergent nozzle.
Convergent nozzles accelerate subsonic fluids. If the nozzle pressure ratio is high enough the flow will reach sonic velocity at the narrowest point (i.e. the
nozzle throat). In this situation, the nozzle is said to be
choked.
Increasing the nozzle pressure ratio further will not increase the throat Mach number beyond unity. Downstream (i.e. external to the nozzle) the flow is free to expand to supersonic velocities.
Divergent nozzles slow fluids, if the flow is subsonic, but accelerate sonic or supersonic fluids.
de laval nozzle can therefore accelerate fluids that have choked in the convergent section to supersonic speeds. This CD process is more efficient than allowing a convergent nozzle to expand supersonically externally.
For a given mass flow, greater thrust is obtained with a higher exhaust velocity. Therefore supersonic aircraft very typically use a CD nozzle despite weight and cost penalties. Unlike rockets, jet aircraft can exceed the velocity of the engine exhaust because they take in a high velocity stream of air. A jet exhaust produces a net thrust only due to the combustion of fuel which is added to the high-velocity inducted air. Supersonic jet engines, like those employed in
fighter aircrafts and
SST aircraft (e.g. Concorde), indeed have relatively high nozzle pressure ratios. Best energy efficiency at lower velocities is obtained by a lower velocity exhaust. Therefore subsonic jet engines employ relatively low, subsonic, exhaust velocities. They thus have modest nozzle pressure ratios and employ simple convergent nozzles.
Rocket motors use convergent-divergent nozzles, to maximise thrust and exhaust velocity and thus extremely high nozzle pressure ratios are employed.
Note that the Mach 1 can be a very high speed for a hot gas; since heat significantly raises the
speed of sound. Thus the absolute speed reached at a nozzle throat can be far higher than the speed of sound at sea level. This fact is used extensively in rocketry where hypersonic flows are required.
Magnetic nozzles
Magnetic nozzles have also been proposed for some types of propulsion, in which the flow of Plasma (physics) is directed by
magnetic fields instead of walls made of solid matter.
Spray nozzles
Many nozzles
atomization liquids.
- Air-Aspirating Nozzle-uses an opening in the cone shaped nozzle to inject air into a stream of water based foam (CAFS/AFFF/FFFP) to make the concentrate "foam up". Most commonly found on foam extinguishers and foam handlines.
- Swirl nozzles inject the liquid in tangentially, and it spirals into the center and then exits through the central hole. Due to the vortexing this causes the spray to come out in a cone shape.
Vacuum nozzles
Vacuum cleaner nozzles come in several different shapes.
Shaping nozzles
Some nozzles are shaped to produce a stream that is of a particular shape. For example Extrusion molding is a way of producing lengths of metals or plastics or other materials with a particular cross-section. These nozzles are typically referred to as a die.
Other meanings
In some areas of
Scotland, the nozzle can refer to the nose.
It can also be used as an insult meaning something between 'jerk' and 'idiot'. This use was made popular by the character Al Calavicci on the science-fiction television show Quantum Leap.
See also
- SERN
- Rocket engine nozzles
- Spray Nozzle
External links
- Rocketdyne Nozzle Design Technical Article
- Liquid Rocket Engine Nozzles overview
A
nozzle is a mechanical device designed to control the characteristics of a
fluid flow as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe.
A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (
liquid or
gas). Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them.
Purposes of nozzles
High velocity nozzles
Frequently the goal is to increase the
kinetic energy of the flowing medium at the expense of its
pressure energy and/or internal energy.
Nozzles can be described as
convergent (narrowing down from a wide diameter to a smaller diameter in the direction of the flow) or
divergent (expanding from a smaller diameter to a larger one). A
de Laval nozzle has a convergent section followed by a divergent section and is often called a convergent-divergent nozzle.
Convergent nozzles accelerate subsonic fluids. If the nozzle pressure ratio is high enough the flow will reach sonic velocity at the narrowest point (i.e. the
nozzle throat). In this situation, the nozzle is said to be
choked.
Increasing the nozzle pressure ratio further will not increase the throat Mach number beyond unity. Downstream (i.e. external to the nozzle) the flow is free to expand to supersonic velocities.
Divergent nozzles slow fluids, if the flow is subsonic, but accelerate sonic or supersonic fluids.
de laval nozzle can therefore accelerate fluids that have choked in the convergent section to supersonic speeds. This CD process is more efficient than allowing a convergent nozzle to expand supersonically externally.
For a given mass flow, greater thrust is obtained with a higher exhaust velocity. Therefore supersonic aircraft very typically use a CD nozzle despite weight and cost penalties. Unlike rockets, jet aircraft can exceed the velocity of the engine exhaust because they take in a high velocity stream of air. A jet exhaust produces a net thrust only due to the combustion of fuel which is added to the high-velocity inducted air. Supersonic jet engines, like those employed in fighter aircrafts and
SST aircraft (e.g. Concorde), indeed have relatively high nozzle pressure ratios. Best energy efficiency at lower velocities is obtained by a lower velocity exhaust. Therefore subsonic jet engines employ relatively low, subsonic, exhaust velocities. They thus have modest nozzle pressure ratios and employ simple convergent nozzles.
Rocket motors use convergent-divergent nozzles, to maximise thrust and exhaust velocity and thus extremely high nozzle pressure ratios are employed.
Note that the Mach 1 can be a very high speed for a hot gas; since heat significantly raises the speed of sound. Thus the absolute speed reached at a nozzle throat can be far higher than the speed of sound at sea level. This fact is used extensively in rocketry where hypersonic flows are required.
Magnetic nozzles
Magnetic nozzles have also been proposed for some types of propulsion, in which the flow of
Plasma (physics) is directed by
magnetic fields instead of walls made of solid matter.
Spray nozzles
Many nozzles atomization liquids.
- Air-Aspirating Nozzle-uses an opening in the cone shaped nozzle to inject air into a stream of water based foam (CAFS/AFFF/FFFP) to make the concentrate "foam up". Most commonly found on foam extinguishers and foam handlines.
- Swirl nozzles inject the liquid in tangentially, and it spirals into the center and then exits through the central hole. Due to the vortexing this causes the spray to come out in a cone shape.
Vacuum nozzles
Vacuum cleaner nozzles come in several different shapes.
Shaping nozzles
Some nozzles are shaped to produce a stream that is of a particular shape. For example Extrusion molding is a way of producing lengths of metals or plastics or other materials with a particular cross-section. These nozzles are typically referred to as a die.
Other meanings
In some areas of Scotland, the nozzle can refer to the
nose.
It can also be used as an insult meaning something between 'jerk' and 'idiot'. This use was made popular by the character Al Calavicci on the science-fiction television show Quantum Leap.
See also
External links
- Rocketdyne Nozzle Design Technical Article
- Liquid Rocket Engine Nozzles overview
The Official Nozzle Website
Welcome to the official website of the band Nozzle "Empires" released on 12th May.
Nozzle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A nozzle is a mechanical device or orifice designed to control the characteristics of a fluid flow as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe.
De Laval nozzle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A de Laval nozzle (or convergent-divergent nozzle, CD nozzle or con-di nozzle) is a tube that is pinched in the middle, making an hourglass-shape.
Balance Nozzle
Whale Makes Waves At CV Show; Whale and Econ Swap Bodies; KiloWhale Becomes The Norm; Under Pressure - Keeping On Top Of Legislation; Whale See Balfour Boom; Whale Employees Hit ...
Chain Nozzle with Skids
Whale Makes Waves At CV Show; Whale and Econ Swap Bodies; KiloWhale Becomes The Norm; Under Pressure - Keeping On Top Of Legislation; Whale See Balfour Boom; Whale Employees Hit ...
Nozzle definition of Nozzle in the Free Online Encyclopedia.
An orifice in an inkjet print head through which ink is sprayed onto the paper. Print heads with six thousand or more nozzles are common in today's printers.
Nozzle | BTPodShow
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Nozzle Selector - BETE
East Sussex, UK based distributors of stainless steel spray nozzles. Also offers water spray and flat spray nozzles.
nozzle - definition of nozzle by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus ...
1. A projecting part with an opening, as at the end of a hose, for regulating and ... 2. Slang The human nose.
Dust nozzle () > Philips Consumer Products - Online Shop
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